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More Astronomy & Space Calculators
Ten more free astronomy and space calculators for orbital mechanics, distances, magnitudes, black holes, and planetary alignments.
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Angular Diameter CalculatorCalculate the apparent angular size of an object in degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds from its physical diameter and distance.
Circular Orbital Velocity CalculatorCalculate the speed a satellite or planet needs to hold a stable circular orbit, plus its orbital period and escape velocity, from mass and orbital radius.
Eyepiece Exit Pupil CalculatorCalculate eyepiece exit pupil from eyepiece focal length (mm), and telescope focal ratio with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical checks.
Habitable Zone Distance CalculatorEstimate the inner and outer edges of a star's habitable zone in AU from its luminosity, using the standard effective solar flux method.
Hubble's Law Distance CalculatorEstimate a galaxy's distance from its redshift and the Hubble constant using Hubble's Law, v = H0 × d.
Illuminated Fraction by Phase Angle CalculatorCalculate illuminated fraction by phase angle from phase angle (degrees), and maximum illuminated fraction (%) with a transparent formula, worked example, and.
Orbital Mean Motion CalculatorCalculate orbital mean motion from orbital period (days), and full orbit (degrees) with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical checks.
Parallax Distance CalculatorConvert a star's parallax angle into distance in parsecs, light-years and astronomical units using the standard stellar parallax formula.
Planet Average Density CalculatorCalculate planet average density from planet mass (kg), and planet radius (km) with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical checks.
Pogson Magnitude Ratio CalculatorConvert a difference in apparent magnitude between two objects into a brightness (flux) ratio using the Pogson magnitude formula.
Roche Limit CalculatorFind the Roche limit distance at which tidal forces would break apart a satellite, from the primary body's radius and both objects' densities.
Schwarzschild Radius CalculatorCalculate the Schwarzschild radius (event horizon size) of any mass in kilograms, Earth masses, or solar masses using Rs = 2GM ÷ c².
Semi-Major Axis from Orbital Period CalculatorFind a planet or satellite's orbital semi-major axis in AU and kilometers from the central body's mass and the orbital period, using Kepler's Third Law.
Space Solar Array Output CalculatorCalculate space solar array output from solar irradiance (w/m²), panel area (m²), and panel efficiency (%) with a transparent formula, worked example, and pra.
Spacecraft Round Trip Light Delay CalculatorCalculate spacecraft round trip light delay from one-way distance (km), and speed of light (km/s) with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical ch.
Synodic Period CalculatorFind how often two orbiting bodies line up again (opposition or conjunction) from their sidereal orbital periods.
Telescope Focal Ratio CalculatorCalculate telescope focal ratio from telescope focal length (mm), and aperture diameter (mm) with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical checks.
Telescope Image Scale CalculatorCalculate telescope image scale from camera pixel size (µm), and telescope focal length (mm) with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical checks.
Telescope Light Gathering Ratio CalculatorCalculate telescope light gathering ratio from first aperture (mm), and second aperture (mm) with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical checks.
Telescope True Field of View CalculatorCalculate telescope true field of view from eyepiece apparent field (degrees), and magnification with a transparent formula, worked example, and practical che.
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